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Using a VPN is a terrific way to protect your internet traffic when you're traveling, but it's not a solution for encrypting your local files. .

When the FBI needed information from the San Bernardino shot's iPhone, they asked Apple for a back door to get past the encryption. However, no such back door existed, and Apple refused to make one. The FBI needed to employ hackers to get into the phone.

Why wouldn't Apple help Since the moment a rear door or similar hack is different, it becomes a goal, a decoration for the bad guys. It'll leak sooner or later. In a talk at Black Hat this past summer, Apple's Ivan Krstic disclosed that the company has done something similar in their cryptographic servers.

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Apple can't update thembut the bad guys can't get in either. .

All of the products in this roundup explicitly state that they have no back door, and that is as it should be. It will mean that in the event you encrypt an essential document and then forget the encryption password, you've lost it for good.

Back in the day, if you wanted to maintain a document secret you can use a cipher to encrypt it and then burn the original. Or you could lock it up in a safe. The two main methods in encryption utilities parallel those options.

One sort of product simply processes files and folders, turning them into impenetrable encrypted versions of these. The other creates a virtual disc that, when open, behaves like any other drive on your system. When you lock the virtual drive, all of the documents you put into it's completely inaccessible. .

Like the virtual drive solution, some products save your encrypted information in the cloud. This approach requires extreme caution, obviously. Encrypted data in the cloud has a far bigger attack surface than encrypted data on your own PC.

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Which is better It really depends on how you plan on using encryption. If you're not sure, take advantage of this 30-day free trial provided by each of those products to have a feel for the different options.

Once you copy a document into secure storage, or make an encrypted version of it, then you absolutely need to wipe out the unencrypted original. Simply deleting it isn't sufficient, even if you skip the Recycle Bin, since the data still exists on disc, and data recovery utilities can often get it back. . see this page

Some encryption products avoid this issue by encrypting the document in place, literally overwriting it on disk using an encrypted version. It is more common, though, to offer safe deletion as an option. If you select something that lacks this feature, you ought to find a free secure deletion tool to use along with it. .

Overwriting information before deletion is sufficient to balk software-based retrieval tools. Hardware-based forensic recovery works because the magnetic recording of data on a hard drive isn't actually digital. It's more of a waveform. In simple terms, the procedure involves nulling out the known data and reading around the borders of what's left.

An encryption algorithm is similar to a black box. Dump a document, picture, or other document into it, and you get back what sounds like gibberish. Run that gibberish back via the box, with the exact same password, and you get back the original.

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The U.S. government has settled on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as a standard, and all the products accumulated here service AES. Even the ones that support other algorithms tend to recommend using AES.

If you are an encryption specialist, you might want another algorithm, Blowfish, possibly, or the Soviet government's GOST. For the average user, however, AES is just fine.

Passwords are important, and you have to keep them secret, right Well, not when you use Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) cryptography.

With PKI, you get two here keys. One is public; you can share it with anyone, register it in a key exchange, tattoo it on your foreheadwhatever you like. The other is private, and needs to be carefully guarded. If I want to send you a secret document, I simply encrypt it with your public key.

Simple! .

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Using this program in reverse, you can create a digital signature that shows that your document came from you and hasn't been altered. How Just encrypt it with your private key. The fact that your public key decrypts it's all of the proof you need. PKI support is less common than service for traditional symmetric algorithms. .

If you want to talk about a file with someone and your encryption application doesn't support PKI, there are other options for sharing. Many products enable creation of a self-decrypting executable file. You could also find that the recipient can use a complimentary, decryption-only Clicking Here tool.